Boats and bones

Types of Boats

Bark – Our Northern Mariners, who are trained in the coal-trade, apply this distinction to a broad-sterned ship, which carries no ornamental figure on the stem or prow.”[6]

Batteau – the French explorers of North America used bateaux as well as the native canoes and cartols. The boats’ shallow draft worked well in rivers while its flat bottom profile allowed heavy loading of cargoes and provided stability. The smallest batteau required only one crewman, while larger ones, reaching up to 58 feet (17.68 meters) in length, required up to five. …author wrote of the Roanoke Valley, Virginia: “One may make a pleasant voyage on the New River from this point to Eggleston’s Springs, 25 miles (40 km) further down the current, taking one of the many bateaux which ply constantly on the stream, and simply drifting on the lazy wave until the destination is reached.”[2] In the same book, the spelling is given as “batteaux”

Brig – NOT the same as a Brigantine. Brigs were used as small warships carrying about 10 to 18 guns.[5] Due to their speed and maneuverability they were popular among pirates (though they were rare among American and Caribbean pirates).[4][8] 

Brigantine – NOT the same as a Brig; dates back as far as 13th century, The brigantine was the second-most popular rig for ships built in the British colonies in North America before 1775, after the sloop.[6] The brigantine was generally larger than a sloop or schooner, but smaller than a brig.[3] the Oxford English Dictionary includes two c. 1525 definitions: “a small vessel equipped both for sailing and rowing, swifter and more easily manœuvred than larger ships” and “(loosely) various kinds of foreign sailing and rowing vessels, as the galleon, galliot, etc.”[2]

Canow – French Canadian writings refer to the canow, which is presumably a …word canoe came into English from the term ‘canoa’ that is used for the Caribbean dugout canoe in Columbus’ travelogues in 1493.

Clipper Ship – clippers may be schooners, brigs, brigantines, etc., as well as full-rigged ships. Clippers were mostly constructed in British and American shipyards, although France, Brazil, the Netherlands, and other nations also produced some. Clippers sailed all over the world, primarily on the trade routes between the United Kingdom and China, in transatlantic trade, and on the New York-to-San Francisco route around Cape Horn during the California gold rush. Dutch clippers were built beginning in the 1850s for the tea trade and passenger service to Java.[1]

Frigate – is a type of warship. 

Galliot – A galiote (or galiot) was a French type of naval warship that might have two masts with lateen sails and a bank of oars. It might also be relatively small with only one mast, and be little more than a large chaloupe or launch.[3]A galiote a bombes was a French term for a galiote armed with a mortar and functioning as a bomb vessel,[3] i.e., a vessel armed to shell coastal forts, towns, and the like.

Ketch – The name ketch is derived from catch.[2] The ketch’s main mast is usually stepped further forward than the position found on a sloop.[3] In New England in the 1600s, the ketch was a small coastal working watercraft. In the 1700s, it disappeared from contemporary records, apparently replaced by the schooner.[4] The ketch rig remained popular in America throughout the 19th and early 20th century working watercraft, with well-known examples being the Chesapeake Bay bugeyes, New Haven sharpies, and the Kingston Lobster boats. 

Pink – A pink (French: pinque) is a sailing ship with a very narrow stern.[1] The term was applied to two different types of ship. The first was a small, flat-bottomed ship with a narrow stern; the name derived from the Italian word pinco. It was used primarily in the Mediterranean Sea as a cargo ship. In the Atlantic Ocean the word pink was used to describe any small ship with a narrow stern, having derived from the Dutch word pincke meaning pinched. They had a large cargo capacity, and were generally square rigged. 

Pinnace – As a ship’s boat, the pinnace is a light boat, propelled by oars or sails, carried aboard merchant and war vessels in the Age of Sail to serve as a tender. The pinnace was usually rowed but could be rigged with a sail for use in favorable winds. A pinnace would ferry passengers and mail, communicate between vessels, scout to sound anchorages, convey water and provisions, or carry armed sailors for boarding expeditions.[1] The Spanish favored them as lightweight smuggling vessels while the Dutch used them as raiders. In modern parlance, “pinnace” has come to mean an auxiliary vessel that does not fit under the “launch” or “lifeboat” definitions.

Schooner – The term “schooner” first appeared in eastern North America in the early 1700s.[6] The term may be related to a Scots word meaning to skip over water,[7] or to skip stones.[8]

Shallop – Shallop is a name used for several types of boats and small ships (French chaloupe) used for coastal navigation from the seventeenth century. Originally smaller boats based on the chalupa, the watercraft named this ranged from small boats a little larger than a banks dory to gunboats. Captain John Smith used shallops to explore Chesapeake Bay in the summer of 1608. The boats were disassembled and stowed aboard the Susan Constant, being reassembled when the colonists arrived in North America.[2]

Other names for a Shallop
slupGerman for Shalloptend
schlupDutch for Shallop
chaloupeFrench for Shallop
chalupaA chalupa (Spanish word coming from the Basque Txalupa) is a small boat that functions as a shallop, water taxi or gondola, such as those seen at the “floating gardens” of Xochimilco south of Mexico City, Mexico. Txalupa is originally the name of the type of whaling boat used by the Basques in the mid-16th century in what is now Newfoundland and Labrador.
shallopa small open boat propelled by oars or sails and used chiefly in shallow waters; mainly for coastal fishing or as a tender; could navigate without turning around
tender
chialoupused by Dutch East India Company; Chialoups on average were armed with 4 cannons, 1 swivel gun, and 7 snaphaunces.[4]

Ships of the Line (war vessels)

Snow: square rigged vessel with 2 masts, with a snow- or trysail mast; known for speed and maneuverability. Dates back to late 17th century. The word ‘snow’ comes from ‘snauw’, which is an old Dutch word for beak, a reference to the characteristic sharp bow of the vessel.[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow_(ship)

Steamships

Yacht

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